Impacto de los grupos socioeducativos de atención primaria en la salud mental de las mujeres

ObjectiveTo present part of the results of the evaluation of this strategy.MethodLongitudinal (pre-post) and quasi-experimental (experimental and control group) design, collecting information from 228 women (114 each group) in four moments (one month before the program; one month after the end of the program; six months and a year and a half). Among the instruments used are the Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.ResultsWomen in the experimental group reduce their symptoms of depression and anxiety and improve their self-esteem after participating in the program, and this improvement is maintained until a year and a half after the end of it. On the contrary, women in the control group do not present pre-post differences in almost none of the variables analyzed (except in anxiety symptoms).ConclusionThese results support GRUSE as a non-medical intervention, and it is considered that they can serve as a stimulus to maintain the strategy and even extend it to other population groups that also experience psychosocial discomfort.     

三维容积超声测量部分肢体体积在胎儿体重估测中的应用价值

目的分析三维容积超声测量部分肢体体积在胎儿体重估测中的应用价值情况。方法选择2015年4月至2019年4月在安阳市第三人民医院接受检查以及分娩的产妇206例的临床资料。产妇均接受三维超声部分肢体体积联合二维超声检查,分析其结果。结果把出生体重和超声参数开展相关性分析,探究大腿中段50%体积(TVol)、上臂中段50%体积(AVol)、大腿中段软组织厚度情况(STT)、腹围(AC)、股骨长(FL)、头围(HC)、双顶径(BPD)与新生儿出生体重呈现为线性关系。相关系数(r)分别为:0.816、0.701、0.544、0.590、0.377、0.411、0.399(P<0.05)。将新生儿出生体重视为因变量,把TVol、AVol、STT、AC、FL、HC、BPD视为自变量,开展多元回归分析依照具体的回归结果,TVol、AVol、AC、HC视为自变量,拟出多元线性回归方程,即:y=-2.751.157+6.785x1+8.775x2+13.594x3+4.582x4。对R方加以调整为0.795,证明拟合方程能体现出原始性数据。回归方程结果:F=51.258,P=0.000。结论利用三维超声可测量胎儿部分肢体体积,可在超声预测胎儿体重中发挥非常重要的作用,且该法有着操作简单、重复性高的优点,因此值得进一步在临床中推广应用。     

Investigating perceptions of ‘dose creep’ amongst student radiographers: A grounded theory study

IntroductionThe dose creep phenomenon is now a widely recognized concept in diagnostic radiography in light of recent technological advancements transnationally. However, this still remains underexplored amongst radiography students preparing to enter the radiography profession. In response, this study explores the perceptions of dose creep amongst undergraduate student radiographers.MethodsThe methodological approach utilized in this research study was grounded theory. The qualitative approach aimed to uncover findings from a higher education institution in Australia. Six students were recruited and took part in semi-structured interviews. This enabled the exploration of previously uncovered data, leading to the construction of original theory within the clinical and academic environment. The data analysis employed was constant comparative analysis (CCA).ResultsA number of insights emerged from the qualitative data set. For instance, the radiography students understanding of the term ‘dose creep’ and decision making leading to dose creep in the clinical environment is captured. This is further supported with assessment of image evaluation determining appropriate exposure factor selection and future impact upon graduation as diagnostic radiographers. The findings identify some important learning needs and actions for both clinical and academic settings which may help foster good use of X-ray exposures.ConclusionThis paper concludes by affirming some challenges surrounding optimal exposure selection and the known phenomenon, dose creep. Further, this study identifies the importance of learning and teaching in the clinical environment whereby learned behaviour leads to suboptimum practices.Implications for practiceThis study advances the existing evidence base by providing a unique lens into the knowledge and understanding of dose creep amongst radiography students in both academic and clinical contexts. It is anticipated this paper will help practitioners and educators better understand potential instances of dose creep within the clinical environment.     

形成性评价法在新入职护士规范化培训中的应用研究

目的探讨形成性评价法在新护士规范化培训中应用效果。方法将2016年42名新入职护士作为对照组,将2017年38名新入职护士作为试验组,对照组实施终结性评价法,试验组实施形成性评价和终结性评价相结合的方法,比较两组护士四次出科理论和操作考核成绩和新护士岗位胜任力。结果试验组护士的出科理论、操作考核成绩及岗位胜任力指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论通过对新护士规范化培训全程的观察、记录、反馈,帮助他们端正职业态度、明确职业职责、提高职业技能等岗位胜任力,促进了新入职护士规范化培训目标的完成。     

Abdominal radiograph preliminary clinical evaluation image test bank project

IntroductionLiterature documenting preliminary clinical evaluation (PCE) commonly focuses on the evaluation of musculoskeletal radiographs. Despite this, the professional body suggest that a diagnostic radiographer should be able to provide a PCE for any radiograph.MethodsAn image bank of 30 abdominal radiographs was designed comprising of 17 abnormal cases with a range of pathologies which one could expect to encounter in the emergency department (ED). Participants' were asked to select one of four taxonomies to represent their PCE for each radiograph. Participants' answers were compared to a gold standard PCE taxonomy based on the radiological report. Inferential statistics were applied to assess for any significant different in accuracy between NHS pay bands of the participants.ResultsOn average participants selected an abdominal radiograph PCE taxonomy with a sensitivity of 75.2% and a specificity of 75.7%. Whilst band 7 radiographers selected the most accurate abdominal radiograph PCE and had the highest area under curve (AUC), no significant difference was found in the PCE categorisation of abdominal radiographs by radiographers of all pay bands.ConclusionParticipants' have shown good sensitivity in recognising prominent findings on abdominal radiographs. This sensitivity is however reduced when assessing less obvious radiographic appearances, illustrating areas where additional training would be beneficial. The study provides evidence towards the consideration of an expansion of current practice regarding the implementation of a scheme of abdominal radiograph PCE. Further research with a larger cohort of participants' and a lower abnormal case prevalence would be beneficial to the limited research base.     

Evaluation of a Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT) to assist clean-up after orthodontic bracket debonding

Objectives:To compare a fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT) with a conventional light source (CLS) for removing composite during debonding of brackets with respect to time needed, composite remnants, and tooth substance loss.Materials and Methods:Twelve maxillary models with 10 bovine teeth each were digitally surface-scanned and metal brackets were bonded on each tooth with Opal Seal and Opal Bond. Two operators: an experienced orthodontist (A) and an undergraduate student (B) received six models each and were asked to remove the composite remnants with a tungsten carbide bur and Sof-Lex discs by both a conventional light source (CLS group, n = 3), and fluorescent inducing light (FIT group, n = 3). The time taken was recorded, and a postoperative scan was digitally superimposed on the preoperative scan to quantify number of teeth with composite remnants and volume and thickness of enamel loss and composite remnants. Chi-square test and independent t-tests were performed to compare methods with a significance level of 5%.Results:Compared to CLS, both operators needed significantly less time when using the FIT method and degree of enamel loss, height, and volume of composite remnants and total remaining composite remnants were significantly reduced. By FIT, the volume of enamel loss was significantly reduced for operator A only. Operator B removed the same enamel volume with either method.Conclusions:Cleanup after orthodontic debonding with the FIT was superior regarding time needed and removal of composite remnants. Total enamel loss reduction was operator-dependent.     

知信行评价体系对初产妇产褥期母婴照护能力的影响

目的 构建初产妇知信行评价体系并探讨其对初产妇产褥期母婴照护能力的影响。 方法 选取2017年2月-2018年2月在我院产科分娩的120例初产妇为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分成研究组和对照组,每组各60例;对照组采取常规护理和健康宣教,研究组应用知信行评价体系,比较2组产褥期健康知识水平及母婴照护能力。 结果 干预4周后,研究组产褥期一般知识、新生儿护理知识及母乳喂养知识水平均高于对照组(t=8.373,P<0.001; t=9.495,P<0.001; t=13.946,P<0.001);产褥期母婴照护行为能力高于对照组。 结论 应用知信行评价体系对初产妇开展针对性干预,有助于提升产妇的康复知识水平及新生儿照护知识和技能,保障母婴安全,具有重要社会价值和临床意义。